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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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mozambiq.4
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1991-04-08
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Economy
Overview: One of Africa's poorest countries, with a per
capita GDP of little more than $100, Mozambique has failed
to exploit the economic potential of its sizable agricultural,
hydropower, and transportation resources. Indeed, national
output, consumption, and investment declined throughout
the first half of the 1980s because of internal disorders,
lack of government administrative control, and a growing
foreign debt. A sharp increase in foreign aid, attracted
by an economic reform policy, has resulted in successive
years of economic growth since 1985. Agricultural output,
nevertheless, is only at about 75% of its 1981 level, and
grain has to be imported. Industry operates at only 20-40%
of capacity. The economy depends heavily on foreign assistance
to keep afloat.
GDP: $1.6 billion, per capita less than $110; real growth rate 5.0%
(1988).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 81.1% (1988).
Unemployment rate: 40.0 (1988).
Budget: revenues $186 million; expenditures $239 million,
including capital expenditures of $208 million (1988 est.).
Exports: $100 million (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--shrimp 48%,
cashews 21%, sugar 10%, copra 3%, citrus 3%; partners--US,
Western Europe, GDR, Japan.
Imports: $764 million (c.i.f., 1988), including aid; commodities--
food, clothing, farm equipment, petroleum; partners--US, Western
Europe, USSR.
External debt: $4.4 billion (1988).
Industrial production: growth rate 7% (1989 est.).
Electricity: 2,265,000 kW capacity; 1,740 million kWh produced,
120 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap,
paints), petroleum products, textiles, nonmetallic mineral
products (cement, glass, asbestos), tobacco.
Agriculture: accounts for 50% of GDP, over 80% of labor
force, and about 90% of exports; cash crops--cotton, cashew
nuts, sugarcane, tea, shrimp; other crops--cassava, corn,
rice, tropical fruits; not self-sufficient in food.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $282 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $3.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89),
$37 million; Communist countries (1970-88), $887 million.
Currency: metical (plural--meticais); 1 metical (Mt) =
100 centavos.
Exchange rates: meticais (Mt) per US$1--800 (September 1989),
528.60 (1988), 289.44 (1987), 40.43 (1986), 43.18 (1985).
Fiscal year: calendar year.